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Egypt, view of Damietta from the Nile 1933

Damietta's history dates back to the Pharaonic era, when Lower Egypt was divided into 20 provinces. In ancient Egyptian texts, the city was known as Dmitio, meaning "inhabitants of the port." This name evolved into Tamit in Coptic, Tamitis in Greek, and finally Damiette in European languages.

Damietta came under Greek rule as one of the Egyptian cities after Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BC. The Ptolemies then ruled until the Roman Empire occupied it in 30 BC. Trade and cultural relations between Damietta and the Greek people increased, attracting a large number of scholars, writers, and tourists interested in studying Egyptian history, antiquities, customs, and traditions. It remained under Greek rule for three centuries and was called "Tamiatis."

A battle took place near Damietta between Perdiccas, the Macedonian ruler, and the forces of Ptolemy I. The battle was for the capture of Alexander the Great's sarcophagus and its transfer to Macedonia for burial. Ptolemy I emerged victorious.