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Muhammad Said Pasha, Governor of Egypt in 1860

The son of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the governor of Egypt from 1854 to 1863, he was born in 1822. His father chose him for the naval service and trained him in naval arts. Upon completing his studies, he joined the fleet, rising through the ranks until, toward the end of his father's reign, he reached the position of Commander-in-Chief of the fleet. He was distinguished by many good morals, including his courage, inclination toward charity, tolerance, and love of justice.

His Accomplishments:
1. He reduced taxes on agricultural land and waived arrears amounting to 800,000 Egyptian pounds, relieving farmers of the burden of taxes and arrears that tax collectors had burdened them with.
2. He granted farmers the right to own land, providing them with a sense of peace and security. Furthermore, he abolished the income tax levied on produce and stores, which had been a source of burden to the population and led to rising prices and high inflation.
3. He purified the Mahmoudiya Canal and completed the railway line between Cairo and Alexandria, which had been initiated by Abbas Hilmi Pasha I. He also extended the railway line between Cairo and Suez and opened it to traffic in 1858, bringing significant benefits to the port of Suez and its development.
4. He shortened the duration of military service and then made it universal for all young men of all classes, setting the average service period to one year. This instilled reassurance in the people about the fate of their conscripted sons. 6- He ordered the sons of the country's sheikhs and their relatives to join the military.
5. He issued pension regulations for retired employees and reformed the Council of Rulings after making several changes to its structure. He also reformed the Sharia judiciary.