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Mohamed Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt in 1978

Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat (December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third President of the Arab Republic of Egypt from October 15, 1970, until his assassination by hardline army officers on October 6, 1981.

Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers Movement that overthrew King Farouk in the July 23 Revolution. He was very close to President Gamal Abdel Nasser, serving twice as Vice President and succeeding him as President in 1970.

During his 11 years in office, he changed the course of Egypt, departing from many of the political and economic principles of Nasserism, re-establishing a multi-party system, and launching the Open Doors economic policy.

He led Egypt in the October 1973 War to reclaim the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, which had been occupied by Israel since the 1967 Six-Day War, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider Arab world.

He subsequently participated in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Camp David Accords and the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty. This led to him and Menachem Begin receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize.